Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What
genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells? a. | hemophilia | b. | Down syndrome | c. | cystic
fibrosis | d. | sickle-cell disease | | |
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2.
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Cloning results in two organisms that are a. | both adult
mammals. | b. | produced from cuttings. | c. | genetically
similar. | d. | genetically identical. | | |
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3.
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What
is a pedigree? a. | a chart that
tracks which members of a family have a particular trait | b. | a geneticist who
studies the inheritance of traits in humans | c. | a picture of all
of the chromosomes in a cell | d. | an allele passed from parent to child on a sex
chromosome | | |
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4.
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Which
of these is an example of the benefits of genetic engineering? a. | cross-breeding
to create disease-resistant crops | b. | creating human insulin to treat people with
diabetes | c. | analyzing karyotypes and pedigree
charts | d. | growing a new plant from a cutting | | |
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5.
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Which
form of selective breeding crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles? a. | fertilization | b. | inbreeding | c. | hybridization | d. | cloning | | |
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6.
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What
procedure helps doctors diagnose a genetic disorder before a baby is born? a. | genetic
engineering | b. | selective breeding | c. | amniocentesis | d. | cloning | | |
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7.
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What
controls variations in skin color among humans? a. | a person’s diet | b. | at least three
genes | c. | multiple alleles of a single gene | d. | two alleles of a
single gene | | |
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8.
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Which
form of selective breeding crosses genetically different individuals in an attempt to keep the best
traits of both parents? a. | genetic engineering | b. | inbreeding | c. | hybridization | d. | cloning | | |
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9.
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Hemophilia is caused by a(n) a. | recessive allele on the X chromosome. | b. | extra
chromosome. | c. | dominant allele. | d. | codominant
allele. | | |
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10.
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What
is a genome? a. | all the cells
produced during meiosis | b. | all the plasmids from splicing DNA in a
cell | c. | all the DNA in
one cell of an organism | d. | all the karyotypes in a cell | | |
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11.
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How
does a geneticist use pedigrees? a. | to create genetic crosses | b. | to replicate
identical strings of DNA | c. | to prove that sex-linked traits are caused by codominant
alleles | d. | to trace the inheritance of traits over generations of
families | | |
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12.
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Why
does height in humans have such a wide variety of phenotypes? a. | Height is
controlled by at least four genes. | b. | The gene for height has only two
alleles. | c. | Height is controlled by sex-linked
genes. | d. | Height is controlled by a recessive
allele. | | |
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13.
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No
two people have the same DNA, except for a. | crime suspects. | b. | brothers. | c. | sisters. | d. | identical
twins. | | |
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14.
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Which
of these human traits is altered by variations in environment? a. | hairline | b. | height | c. | smile
dimples | d. | blood type | | |
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15.
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One
parent of a child has type A blood and the other has type B blood. What is the child’s blood
type? a. | Type
A | b. | Type
B | c. | Type
AB | d. | Type
O | | |
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16.
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How
can genetic counselors predict genetic disorders? a. | by studying karyotypes and pedigree
charts | b. | by taking pictures of a baby before it is
born | c. | by exploring new
methods of genetic engineering | d. | by eliminating codominant alleles in the
parents | | |
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17.
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What
factors can affect a person’s height? a. | genes only | b. | environmental
factors only | c. | both genes and environmental factors | d. | the sex
chromosomes a person inherits | | |
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18.
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Which
genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus in the lungs and
intestines? a. | hemophilia | b. | Down syndrome | c. | cystic
fibrosis | d. | sickle-cell disease | | |
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19.
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How
do police use DNA fingerprinting to help solve crimes? a. | by proving that
a suspect’s blood type matches evidence in a crime | b. | by showing that
a suspect’s fingerprints are at a crime scene | c. | by comparing a
suspect’s DNA patterns with evidence from a crime scene | d. | by matching
phenotypes of suspects with DNA samples | | |
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20.
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Sex-linked genes are genes on a. | the X chromosome only. | b. | the Y chromosome
only. | c. | the X and Y chromosomes. | d. | all 23 pairs of
chromosomes. | | |
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21.
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What
must occur for a girl to be colorblind? a. | Each parent must be colorblind. | b. | Each parent must
have the dominant allele for colorblindness. | c. | Each parent must
have the recessive allele for colorblindness. | d. | Each parent must
have two codominant alleles for colorblindness. | | |
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22.
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Which
of these traits is controlled by a gene with multiple alleles? a. | straight
hairline | b. | smile dimples | c. | widow’s
peak | d. | blood
type | | |
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23.
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Why
are sex-linked traits more common in males than in females? a. | All alleles on
the X chromosome are dominant. | b. | All alleles on the Y chromosome are
recessive. | c. | A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the
trait in a male. | d. | Any allele on the Y chromosome will be codominant with the
matching allele on the X chromosome. | | |
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24.
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What
are multiple alleles? a. | more than two genes that control a
trait | b. | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single
trait | c. | three or more chromosomes that determine a
trait | d. | more than two codominant genes in a
chromosome | | |
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25.
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Genetic disorders are caused by a. | pedigrees. | b. | mutations. | c. | dominant alleles. | d. | sickle-shaped
cells. | | |
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26.
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Which
combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being? a. | XX | b. | YY | c. | XY | d. | either XX or YY | | |
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27.
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What
is the purpose of the Human Genome Project? a. | to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human
genome | b. | to clone every gene on a single chromosome in human
DNA | c. | to splice every
gene on a single chromosome in human DNA | d. | to inbreed the best genes on every chromosome in human
DNA | | |
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28.
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Down
syndrome most often occurs when a. | a person inherits a recessive allele. | b. | chromosomes fail
to separate properly during meiosis. | c. | sickle-shaped cells become stuck in blood
vessels. | d. | blood fails to clot properly. | | |
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29.
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What
is a karyotype? a. | blood from a
newborn baby | b. | a picture of a baby before it is born | c. | a picture of the
chromosomes in a cell | d. | fluid that surrounds a baby before it is
born | | |
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30.
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A
carrier is a person who has a. | one recessive and one dominant allele for a
trait. | b. | two recessive alleles for a trait. | c. | two dominant
alleles for a trait. | d. | more than two alleles for a trait. | | |
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