Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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1.
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Plants use energy from the sun to produce carbon dioxide and
sugars.
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2.
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A
heterotroph is an organism that cannot make its own food.
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3.
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Photosynthesis and respiration form a cycle that keeps the levels of water and
carbon dioxide fairly constant in the atmosphere.
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4.
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The
raw materials for respiration are the opposite of the end products for
photosynthesis.
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5.
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When
muscle cells run low on oxygen, lactic acid fermentation takes place.
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6.
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A
cell makes a copy of its DNA during the stage of the cell cycle called mitosis.
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7.
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In a
DNA molecule, guanine always pairs with thymine.
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8.
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Cancerous cells grow in an abnormal way.
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9.
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A
mutation is a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow
uncontrollably.
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10.
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Radiation is more harmful to normal cells than to cancerous
cells.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11.
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What
are the products of photosynthesis? a. | carbon dioxide and water | b. | oxygen and
water | c. | carbon dioxide and sugars | d. | oxygen and
sugars | | |
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12.
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What
happens during photosynthesis? a. | The cell uses oxygen to make food. | b. | The cell uses
the energy in sunlight to make food. | c. | The cell uses glucose to make oxygen. | d. | The cell uses
the energy in sunlight to make carbon dioxide. | | |
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13.
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What
product of photosynthesis do most living things need to survive? a. | water | b. | oxygen | c. | chlorophyll | d. | carbon dioxide | | |
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14.
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How
does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs? a. | It adds carbon dioxide to the air. | b. | It creates food
that they can eat. | c. | It eliminates harmful sugars. | d. | It creates clean
waters. | | |
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15.
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What
happens during respiration? a. | Oxygen is released into the air. | b. | Glucose is
broken down, releasing energy. | c. | Carbohydrates are released into the
bloodstream. | d. | Water and carbon dioxide are converted into
energy. | | |
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16.
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The
stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the a. | nucleus. | b. | chloroplast. | c. | cytoplasm. | d. | mitochondria. | | |
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17.
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How
are photosynthesis and respiration related? a. | They have opposite equations. | b. | They have the
same equation. | c. | They both produce carbon dioxide. | d. | They both
produce oxygen. | | |
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18.
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Respiration and photosynthesis keep the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the
atmosphere a. | fairly
constant. | b. | constantly changing. | c. | constantly
increasing. | d. | constantly decreasing. | | |
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19.
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Which
term refers to the production of energy by a cell without using oxygen? a. | photosynthesis | b. | respiration | c. | fertilization | d. | fermentation | | |
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20.
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What
causes lactic-acid fermentation? a. | too little oxygen in muscle cells | b. | too much oxygen
in muscle cells | c. | too little sugar in muscle cells | d. | too much sugar
in muscle cells | | |
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21.
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Mitosis is the stage during which a. | the cell’s nucleus divides into two new
nuclei. | b. | the cell’s DNA is replicated. | c. | the cell divides
into two new cells. | d. | the cell’s cytoplasm divides. | | |
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22.
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What
happens during cytokinesis in animal cells? a. | A new round of mitosis begins. | b. | Two new daughter
cells are formed. | c. | Each organelle divides into two
parts. | d. | A cell plate forms in the middle of the
cell. | | |
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23.
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DNA
is shaped like a a. | long, thin
rod. | b. | spiral
staircase. | c. | straight ladder. | d. | triple
helix. | | |
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24.
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During DNA replication, adenine (A) always pairs with a. | guanine
(G). | b. | cytosine
(C). | c. | thymine
(T). | d. | adenine
(A). | | |
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25.
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Cancer is a disease in which cells a. | grow and divide uncontrollably. | b. | die before they
can mature. | c. | stop producing DNA. | d. | die during
mitosis. | | |
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26.
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How
many different types of cancer are there? a. | 10 | b. | over 100 | c. | over
200 | d. | over
1,000 | | |
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27.
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Scientists think cancer begins when a. | a mutation
occurs in DNA. | b. | a cell divides too slowly. | c. | DNA replication
stops. | d. | cells stop growing. | | |
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28.
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What
is a cancer tumor? a. | a group of cells in the bloodstream | b. | a mass of normal
cells | c. | a mass of abnormal cells | d. | a mass of cells
that don’t divide | | |
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29.
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What
is chemotherapy? a. | the use of drugs
to kill cancer cells | b. | the use of surgery to remove cancer
cells | c. | the use of radiation to destroy cancer
cells | d. | the use of drugs to prevent cancer from
occurring | | |
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30.
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What
is the main cause of lung cancer? a. | water pollution | b. | air
pollution | c. | an unhealthy diet | d. | smoking | | |
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31.
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What
captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis? a. | solar
cells | b. | stomata | c. | chlorophyll and
other pigments | d. | carbohydrates | | |
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32.
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Each
rung of the DNA ladder is made of a. | a single nitrogen base. | b. | a pair of
nitrogen bases. | c. | three nitrogen bases. | d. | four nitrogen
bases. | | |
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33.
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Carbon dioxide enters plants through the a. | pigments. | b. | chloroplasts. | c. | chlorophyll. | d. | stomata. | | |
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34.
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Respiration in most cells requires a. | water. | b. | oxygen. | c. | chlorophyll. | d. | carbon
dioxide. | | |
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35.
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Which
of these causes a form of alcoholic fermentation? a. | carbon dioxide | b. | lactic
acid | c. | bread | d. | yeast | | |
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36.
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During what stage of the cell cycle does replication occur? a. | interphase | b. | cytokinesis | c. | prophase | d. | mitosis | | |
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37.
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What
is copied during replication? a. | the cell’s organelles | b. | chromosomes | c. | the cell’s DNA | d. | two daughter
cells | | |
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38.
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What
are chromatids? a. | identical
strands of chromosomes | b. | identical daughter cells | c. | doubled rods of
condensed chromatin. | d. | pigments that absorb the energy in
sunlight | | |
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39.
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What
forms around the chromatids during mitosis? a. | two new chromosomes | b. | two new
nuclei | c. | two new cells | d. | two new DNA
molecules | | |
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40.
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What
factor may lead to almost as many cancer deaths as does tobacco? a. | water
pollution | b. | an unhealthy diet | c. | air
pollution | d. | exercise | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
Word Bank
Tobacco Sun
Bloodstream Oxygen
Respiration
Phosphate
Alcoholic
Mitosis
Cytokinesis Double helix
Water
Chlorophyll Oxygen
Cancer
Glucose Mutation
Radiation Photosynthesis
Stomata Chemotherapy
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41.
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Small
openings called ____________________ allow carbon dioxide to enter a leaf.
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42.
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Plants make their own food using energy that comes from the
____________________.
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43.
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Almost all living things depend on the process of ____________________ to supply them
with the energy they need.
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44.
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During respiration, glucose is combined with ____________________, releasing
energy.
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45.
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During respiration, molecules of ____________________ are first broken down in the
cytoplasm.
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46.
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The
energy from glucose is released in the process of ____________________.
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47.
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The
main difference between respiration and fermentation is that respiration uses ____________________ to
obtain energy from food.
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48.
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The
process in which yeasts break down sugars and produce carbon dioxide and alcohol is called
____________________ fermentation.
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49.
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The
products of respiration are energy, carbon dioxide, and ____________________.
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50.
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A
cell’s nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei during the stage of the cell cycle known as
____________________.
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51.
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The
final stage of the cell cycle, during which the cytoplasm divides, is called
____________________.
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52.
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A DNA
molecule often is called a ____________________ because it twists like the threads of a
screw.
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53.
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The
sides of the DNA ladder are made of molecules of deoxyribose and ____________________.
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54.
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A
change in the DNA in a chromosome is called a(n) ____________________.
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55.
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When
a mutation disturbs the cell cycle, ____________________ can result.
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56.
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The
most common treatments for cancer include drugs, surgery, and ____________________.
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57.
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Cancer can spread when cells break off a tumor and enter the
____________________.
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58.
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A
form of treatment in which drugs destroy cancer cells is called ____________________.
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59.
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Many
cancer deaths are caused by unhealthful diets or by the use of ____________________.
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60.
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Chloroplasts contain a pigment called ____________________ that captures the energy in
light.
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