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Final Exam M Space

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
Word Bank For This Section
Equinoxes
sunlight
rotation
neap
craters
24
geosynchronous
seismometer
umbra
multistage
gases
outer
maria
full moon
meteoroids
collision
satellite
new moon
gravity
tilt
 

1. 
The lighted half of the moon faces away from Earth during the ____________________ phase.
 

 

2. 
Any object that revolves around another object in space is called a ____________________.
 

 

3. 
____________________ rockets make it possible to travel into space.
 

 

4. 
Tides are caused by the force of ____________________ from the sun and moon acting on Earth’s waters.
 

 

5. 
The sun and moon seem to move mainly because of the ____________________ of Earth on its axis.
 

 

6. 
Seasons on Earth are caused by the ____________________ of Earth’s axis as Earth revolves around the sun.
 

 

7. 
Galileo called the dark, flat parts of the moon ____________________ because they looked like seas.
 

 

8. 
The round pits on the moon are called ____________________.
 

 

9. 
Earth rotates on its axis about once every ____________________ hours.
 

 

10. 
According to the ____________________ theory, the moon was formed when a Mars-sized object collided with Earth.
 

 

11. 
The device astronauts used to study extremely weak moonquakes was a ____________________.
 

 

12. 
A tide with the least distance between low and high tides is called a ____________________ tide.
 

 

13. 
The moon’s average density is about the same as the density of Earth’s ____________________ layers.
 

 

14. 
The moon can be seen from Earth because ____________________ reflects off the moon.
 

 

15. 
The times that day and night are of equal length are called ____________________.
 

 

16. 
The darkest part of the moon’s shadow is called the ____________________.
 

 

17. 
A lunar eclipse can only occur during the ____________________ phase.
 

 

18. 
By studying moon rocks, scientists learned that ____________________ had struck the surface.
 

 

19. 
A satellite that revolves around Earth at the same rate that Earth rotates is in a ____________________ orbit.
 

 

20. 
A rocket burns fuel to produce ____________________, which create a force that moves the rocket when it is expelled.
 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

21. 
Tides are caused mainly by
a.
Earth’s rotation on its axis, which causes water to move.
b.
differences in how much the sun pulls on different parts of Earth.
c.
strong winds blowing water onto coasts.
d.
differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of Earth.
 

22. 
One complete revolution of Earth around the sun takes about
a.
one rotation.
b.
one season.
c.
one year.
d.
one eclipse.
 

23. 
Rocket propulsion is based on
a.
having a streamlined nose cone.
b.
having a three-stage booster system.
c.
hot gas being propelled out of the rocket.
d.
reducing friction as much as possible.
 

24. 
From new moon phase to full moon phase you see
a.
an increasing amount of the lighted side of the moon.
b.
a decreasing amount of the lighted side of the moon.
c.
the same amount of the lighted side of the moon.
d.
more of the lighted side, then less of the lighted side of the moon.
 

25. 
One major use of space stations is
a.
to launch trips to the moon.
b.
to obtain better photographs of Earth.
c.
to conduct scientific research.
d.
to monitor the activities of other satellites.
 

26. 
The phase of the moon you see depends on
a.
where you are on Earth’s surface.
b.
how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth.
c.
how much of the moon’s surface is lit by the sun.
d.
whether or not an eclipse is occurring.
 

27. 
When do neap tides occur?
a.
at new moon
b.
when the sun’s pull is in the same direction as the moon’s
c.
when the sun’s pull is at right angles to the moon’s
d.
at full moon
 

28. 
When the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun, North America will experience
a.
more indirect rays and shorter days.
b.
more indirect rays and longer days.
c.
more direct rays and shorter days.
d.
more direct rays and longer days.
 

29. 
One of the main uses of satellites is
a.
launching deep-space expeditions.
b.
controlling the weather.
c.
photographing Earth’s surface.
d.
preventing ozone depletion.
 

30. 
Earth’s rotation takes about
a.
365 days.
b.
6 months.
c.
24 hours.
d.
1 month.
 

31. 
How large is the moon compared to Earth?
a.
about the same diameter as Earth
b.
about one half the diameter of Earth
c.
about one fourth the diameter of Earth
d.
about one eighth the diameter of Earth
 

32. 
Galileo saw that much of the moon’s surface is covered with round pits called
a.
highlands.
b.
seas.
c.
craters.
d.
maria.
 

33. 
For a solar eclipse to occur,
a.
the sun must be directly between Earth and the moon.
b.
the moon must be directly between Earth and the sun.
c.
the moon must be directly behind Earth.
d.
Earth must be directly between the sun and the moon.
 

34. 
You are more likely to see a solar eclipse than a lunar eclipse because
a.
the moon’s shadow covers all of Earth during a solar eclipse.
b.
new moon phases occur less often than full moon phases.
c.
only people on the daytime side of Earth can see a solar eclipse.
d.
you must be in the moon’s shadow to see a solar eclipse.
 

35. 
Because the moon rotates once for each revolution around Earth,
a.
you see some phases more than others.
b.
a different side of the moon faces Earth each day.
c.
you never see the far side of the moon.
d.
the far side of the moon is visible only during the full moon phase.
 

36. 
Day and night are caused by
a.
the tilt of Earth’s axis.
b.
Earth’s revolution around the sun.
c.
eclipses.
d.
Earth’s rotation on its axis.
 

37. 
When are tides highest?
a.
during the moon’s first quarter phase
b.
when the sun, Earth, and the moon are nearly in a line
c.
during the moon’s third quarter phase
d.
when the moon is at a right angle to the sun
 

38. 
An equinox occurs when
a.
neither end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward or away from the sun.
b.
the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted away from the sun.
c.
the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun.
d.
Earth’s axis is parallel to the sun’s rays.
 

39. 
Photographs of the far side of the moon show that
a.
the far side is much rougher than the near side.
b.
there is water on the far side.
c.
the far side has active volcanoes.
d.
the far side has a smooth surface.
 

40. 
Galileo thought that the dark, flat parts of the moon’s surface were
a.
oceans.
b.
deserts.
c.
mountains.
d.
craters.
 

41. 
Instruments left on the moon to measure heat flow show that
a.
the center of the moon is molten.
b.
most of the moon’s interior is very hot.
c.
the moon’s interior has cooled almost completely.
d.
the moon has high seismic activity.
 

42. 
Scientists think the moon was formed when
a.
a large object struck Earth, and material from both bodies combined.
b.
gravitational forces attracted materials from outer space.
c.
meteoroids collected and solidified within the pull of Earth’s gravity.
d.
gases from Earth escaped from the atmosphere and condensed.
 

43. 
Earth has seasons because
a.
Earth rotates on its axis.
b.
the distance between Earth and the sun changes.
c.
Earth’s axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.
d.
the temperature of the sun changes.
 

44. 
In the Southern Hemisphere, the summer solstice occurs when the sun is directly overhead at
a.
the equator.
b.
23.5° south latitude.
c.
23.5° north latitude.
d.
30° south latitude.
 

45. 
Geosynchronous satellites above the equator
a.
revolve around Earth faster than other satellites.
b.
vary considerably in their distance from Earth.
c.
stay above the same point on Earth.
d.
follow an elliptical orbit.
 

46. 
The amount of the lighted side of the moon you can see is the same during
a.
new moon and full moon phase.
b.
new moon and first quarter phase.
c.
first quarter and third quarter phase.
d.
full moon and third quarter phase.
 

47. 
Putting rockets into space was made possible by the development of
a.
gunpowder fuels.
b.
taller single-stage rockets.
c.
smaller single-stage rockets.
d.
multistage rockets.
 

48. 
Much of what scientists know about the moon has come from
a.
revolving around the moon.
b.
studying the moon through telescopes.
c.
astronauts walking on the moon.
d.
studying moon rocks gathered by astronauts.
 

49. 
It’s a basic law of physics that for every force, or action, there is
a.
a decreased force, or reaction.
b.
an equal force in the same direction.
c.
an increased force, or reaction.
d.
an equal and opposite force, or reaction.
 

50. 
During what phase can a lunar eclipse occur?
a.
new moon
b.
first quarter
c.
waxing gibbous
d.
full moon
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
Word bank for this section
Rotaion
opposite
spring
shuttles
the same as
 

51. 
Astronauts and equipment are launched into space mainly by space stations.

 

52. 
A tide with the greatest distance between low and high tides is called a neap tide.

 

53. 
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and Earth.

 

54. 
The moon’s average density is greater than the density of Earth’s outer layers.

 

55. 
The beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere is marked by the vernal equinox.

 

56. 
The phases of the moon depend on how much of the lighted side of the moon can be seen from Earth.

 

57. 
Day and night are caused by Earth’s revolution on its axis.

 

58. 
Maria are low areas, once flooded with lava, on the moon’s surface.

 

59. 
Gases expelled from the rear of a rocket push the rocket in the same direction as the gases.

 

60. 
Scientists learned much about the moon by studying rocks brought back by astronauts.

 



 
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