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Final Exam space

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

1. 
The solar system formed from
a.
an expanding galaxy.
b.
a giant cloud of gas and dust.
c.
an enormous explosion.
d.
a black hole.
 

2. 
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows that main sequence stars
a.
are mostly hot and dim.
b.
are mostly cool and bright.
c.
increase in brightness as they increase in temperature.
d.
decrease in brightness as they increase in temperature.
 

3. 
The hypothesis that Mars may once have had the conditions needed to support life is based on
a.
its similar size to Earth.
b.
its reddish surface.
c.
surface patterns that look like dried stream beds.
d.
the system of canals seen by Schiaparelli.
 

4. 
More than half of all stars are members of groups of two or more stars called
a.
galaxies.
b.
eclipsing binaries.
c.
star systems.
d.
star clusters.
 

5. 
The asteroid belt is located
a.
between Earth and Mars.
b.
between Mars and Jupiter.
c.
between Jupiter and Saturn.
d.
between Saturn and Uranus.
 

6. 
Conditions required for life on Earth include
a.
alternating day and night cycles.
b.
extreme differences in elevation.
c.
polar ice caps.
d.
liquid water.
 

7. 
The lifetime of a star depends on its
a.
temperature.
b.
brightness.
c.
mass.
d.
magnitude.
 

8. 
Because the moon rotates once for each revolution around Earth,
a.
you see some phases more than others.
b.
a different side of the moon faces Earth each day.
c.
you never see the far side of the moon.
d.
the far side of the moon is visible only during the full moon phase.
 

9. 
The atmospheres of the gas giant planets cannot escape into space because
a.
the gases are too heavy.
b.
the gases solidify at higher elevations.
c.
the planets have very strong gravities.
d.
although they are big, the planets have little mass.
 

10. 
One of the main uses of satellites is
a.
launching deep-space expeditions.
b.
controlling the weather.
c.
photographing Earth’s surface.
d.
preventing ozone depletion.
 

11. 
A light-year is
a.
365 days.
b.
the distance light travels in a year.
c.
the distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri.
d.
the amount of light the sun produces in a year.
 

12. 
Reflecting telescopes differ from refracting telescopes in having
a.
no eyepiece lens.
b.
two large objective lenses.
c.
a mirror instead of an objective lens.
d.
one large objective lens.
 

13. 
The amount of the lighted side of the moon you can see is the same during
a.
new moon and full moon phase.
b.
new moon and first quarter phase.
c.
first quarter and third quarter phase.
d.
full moon and third quarter phase.
 

14. 
What layer are you looking at when you look at a photograph of the sun?
a.
photosphere
b.
chromosphere
c.
corona
d.
prominence
 

15. 
Stars are classified according to their
a.
distance, size, and color.
b.
size, distance, and brightness.
c.
color, brightness, and temperature.
d.
size, brightness, and temperature.
 

16. 
The heliocentric system gained support when Galileo observed that
a.
one side of the moon always faces Earth.
b.
most of the smaller planets are closer to the sun.
c.
Venus goes through phases similar to those of Earth’s moon.
d.
the orbit of each planet is an ellipse.
 

17. 
One indication that a planet may exist near another star is that
a.
the star varies in temperature.
b.
the star has a very slight back and forth motion.
c.
the star has very strong gravity.
d.
radio wave activity increases near the star.
 

18. 
Galileo thought that the dark, flat parts of the moon’s surface were
a.
oceans.
b.
deserts.
c.
mountains.
d.
craters.
 

19. 
Copernicus explained that
a.
the sun is at the center of the system of planets.
b.
the sun and the planets revolve around Earth.
c.
the geocentric system is correct.
d.
there are only six planets.
 

20. 
Geosynchronous satellites above the equator
a.
revolve around Earth faster than other satellites.
b.
vary considerably in their distance from Earth.
c.
stay above the same point on Earth.
d.
follow an elliptical orbit.
 

21. 
Much of what scientists know about the moon has come from
a.
revolving around the moon.
b.
studying the moon through telescopes.
c.
astronauts walking on the moon.
d.
studying moon rocks gathered by astronauts.
 

22. 
The two factors that combine to keep the planets in orbit are
a.
gravity and orbital speed.
b.
orbital speed and mass.
c.
mass and inertia.
d.
gravity and inertia.
 

23. 
The tendency of a moving object to continue moving in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place is called
a.
orbital speed.
b.
mass.
c.
inertia.
d.
gravity.
 

24. 
Meteoroids usually come from
a.
debris from other planets.
b.
solar winds.
c.
beyond the solar system.
d.
comets or asteroids.
 

25. 
The model in which Earth is at the center of the system of planets is called the
a.
solar system.
b.
heliocentric system.
c.
geocentric system.
d.
Copernican system.
 

26. 
Photographs of the far side of the moon show that
a.
the far side is much rougher than the near side.
b.
there is water on the far side.
c.
the far side has active volcanoes.
d.
the far side has a smooth surface.
 

27. 
Rocket propulsion is based on
a.
having a streamlined nose cone.
b.
having a three-stage booster system.
c.
hot gas being propelled out of the rocket.
d.
reducing friction as much as possible.
 

28. 
Europa is considered a good place to look for life because
a.
there may be liquid water under its icy crust.
b.
its equator has tropical temperatures.
c.
volcanic activity keeps it warm.
d.
it is the same size as Earth.
 

29. 
Aside from Earth, which inner planet once had water on its surface?
a.
Mercury
b.
Europa
c.
Venus
d.
Mars
 

30. 
Scientists think the moon was formed when
a.
a large object struck Earth, and material from both bodies combined.
b.
gravitational forces attracted materials from outer space.
c.
meteoroids collected and solidified within the pull of Earth’s gravity.
d.
gases from Earth escaped from the atmosphere and condensed.
 

31. 
Scientists have discovered that life forms on Earth exist
a.
in a very narrow range of conditions.
b.
in a very wide range of conditions.
c.
only in moderate temperatures.
d.
in moist or humid habitats only.
 

32. 
In the Southern Hemisphere, the summer solstice occurs when the sun is directly overhead at
a.
the equator.
b.
23.5° south latitude.
c.
23.5° north latitude.
d.
30° south latitude.
 

33. 
Both reflecting and refracting telescopes are designed to
a.
break visible light into colors of the spectrum.
b.
separate visible light from ultraviolet and radio waves.
c.
gather and focus visible light.
d.
work better with short-wavelength radiation.
 

34. 
What do the first four outer planets have in common?
a.
They are much larger than Earth and are made mainly of gases.
b.
They are about the same size as Earth and are made mainly of gases.
c.
They are much larger than Earth and are solid.
d.
They are about the same size as Earth and are solid.
 

35. 
A supernova is the explosion of a dying
a.
medium-sized star.
b.
giant or supergiant star.
c.
protostar.
d.
nebula.
 

36. 
The Milky Way Galaxy is a type of
a.
spiral galaxy.
b.
cloud galaxy.
c.
elliptical galaxy.
d.
irregular galaxy.
 

37. 
What solar feature can increase the solar wind, sometimes causing electrical power problems on Earth?
a.
prominences
b.
sunspots
c.
core emissions
d.
solar flares
 

38. 
When compared to the gases around them on the sun, sunspots are
a.
hotter.
b.
the same temperature.
c.
cooler.
d.
brighter.
 

39. 
The theory that astronomers have developed to describe the formation of the universe is called the
a.
expanding cloud theory.
b.
time warp theory.
c.
galactic expansion theory.
d.
big bang theory.
 

40. 
Depending on its mass, a star may live from
a.
1 million to 10 million years.
b.
5 million to 100 million years.
c.
10 million to 200 billion years.
d.
10 billion to 500 billion years.
 

41. 
Venus and Earth are much alike in terms of
a.
their size and density.
b.
their rates of rotation.
c.
their atmospheres.
d.
their direction of rotation.
 

42. 
Saturn’s rings are made up mostly of
a.
nitrogen and helium.
b.
ice and water vapor.
c.
volcanic dust particles.
d.
chunks of ice and rock.
 

43. 
Parallax is a method used to determine a star’s
a.
distance from Earth.
b.
temperature.
c.
composition.
d.
brightness
 

44. 
The solar wind is a stream of electrically charged particles produced by the sun’s
a.
chromosphere.
b.
photosphere.
c.
corona.
d.
core.
 

45. 
The phase of the moon you see depends on
a.
where you are on Earth’s surface.
b.
how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth.
c.
how much of the moon’s surface is lit by the sun.
d.
whether or not an eclipse is occurring.
 

46. 
Earth is unique among the planets because of
a.
its rocky surface.
b.
its oceans.
c.
its large size.
d.
the direction in which it rotates.
 

47. 
How are elliptical galaxies and spiral galaxies different?
a.
Elliptical galaxies have almost no gas or dust.
b.
Elliptical galaxies vary more in shape than spiral galaxies.
c.
Spiral galaxies have almost no gas or dust.
d.
Spiral galaxies contain only old stars.
 

48. 
For a solar eclipse to occur,
a.
the sun must be directly between Earth and the moon.
b.
the moon must be directly between Earth and the sun.
c.
the moon must be directly behind Earth.
d.
Earth must be directly between the sun and the moon.
 

49. 
The brightness of a star depends on its
a.
distance and temperature.
b.
size and temperature.
c.
color and temperature.
d.
distance and color.
 

50. 
When do neap tides occur?
a.
at new moon
b.
when the sun’s pull is in the same direction as the moon’s
c.
when the sun’s pull is at right angles to the moon’s
d.
at full moon
 

51. 
When the solar system formed, the spheres that lost most of their gases became the
a.
inner planets.
b.
comets.
c.
outer planets.
d.
asteroids.
 

52. 
One piece of evidence that supports the big bang theory is the observation that most galaxies are moving
a.
toward our galaxy.
b.
toward each other.
c.
in random directions.
d.
away from each other.
 

53. 
The chemical composition of a star can be determined using a(n)
a.
refracting telescope.
b.
spectrograph.
c.
satellite.
d.
reflecting telescope.
 

54. 
You are more likely to see a solar eclipse than a lunar eclipse because
a.
the moon’s shadow covers all of Earth during a solar eclipse.
b.
new moon phases occur less often than full moon phases.
c.
only people on the daytime side of Earth can see a solar eclipse.
d.
you must be in the moon’s shadow to see a solar eclipse.
 

55. 
An equinox occurs when
a.
neither end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward or away from the sun.
b.
the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted away from the sun.
c.
the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun.
d.
Earth’s axis is parallel to the sun’s rays.
 

56. 
Solar prominences
a.
are cooler than the rest of the chromosphere.
b.
link different parts of sunspot regions together.
c.
cannot be seen during an eclipse.
d.
are hotter than the rest of the chromosphere.
 

57. 
Scientists think that our universe is approximately
a.
1 to 5 million years old.
b.
1 to 2 billion years old.
c.
10 to 15 billion years old.
d.
100 to 200 billion years old.
 

58. 
It’s a basic law of physics that for every force, or action, there is
a.
a decreased force, or reaction.
b.
an equal force in the same direction.
c.
an increased force, or reaction.
d.
an equal and opposite force, or reaction.
 

59. 
During what phase can a lunar eclipse occur?
a.
new moon
b.
first quarter
c.
waxing gibbous
d.
full moon
 

60. 
What shape are the orbits of most comets?
a.
long, narrow ellipses
b.
circles
c.
nearly circular ellipses
d.
spherical
 

61. 
When are tides highest?
a.
during the moon’s first quarter phase
b.
when the sun, Earth, and the moon are nearly in a line
c.
during the moon’s third quarter phase
d.
when the moon is at a right angle to the sun
 

62. 
Spectrographs help astronomers determine the
a.
position of a star in the sky.
b.
temperature of a star.
c.
distance to a star.
d.
diameter of a star.
 

63. 
Pluto is different from the other outer planets because it
a.
is almost entirely made of gases.
b.
is much larger than the others.
c.
has the most moons.
d.
is small and has a solid surface.
 

64. 
Putting rockets into space was made possible by the development of
a.
gunpowder fuels.
b.
taller single-stage rockets.
c.
smaller single-stage rockets.
d.
multistage rockets.
 

65. 
What color are the hottest stars?
a.
blue-white
b.
yellow
c.
red
d.
orange
 

66. 
What do all of the inner planets have in common?
a.
They have the same period of revolution.
b.
They have the same period of rotation.
c.
They have the same diameter.
d.
They are small and have rocky surfaces.
 

67. 
The sun produces energy by
a.
attracting it with the force of gravity.
b.
nuclear fission.
c.
burning fuels such as oil.
d.
nuclear fusion.
 

68. 
One complete revolution of Earth around the sun takes about
a.
one rotation.
b.
one season.
c.
one year.
d.
one eclipse.
 

69. 
Some astronomers think Pluto should not be called a planet because it
a.
is too far away.
b.
has such a large moon.
c.
is so small.
d.
cannot be seen without a telescope.
 

70. 
Tides are caused mainly by
a.
Earth’s rotation on its axis, which causes water to move.
b.
differences in how much the sun pulls on different parts of Earth.
c.
strong winds blowing water onto coasts.
d.
differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of Earth.
 

71. 
When stars begin to run out of fuel, they first become
a.
red giants or supergiants.
b.
supernovas.
c.
white dwarfs.
d.
neutron stars.
 

72. 
Eclipsing binary stars can sometimes be identified because
a.
they are brighter than any single stars.
b.
they are all white dwarfs.
c.
they become dimmer at regular intervals.
d.
they are cool red stars.
 

73. 
There is enough fuel remaining in the sun to last for another
a.
1 billion years.
b.
5 billion years.
c.
10 billion years.
d.
15 billion years.
 

74. 
How large is the moon compared to Earth?
a.
about the same diameter as Earth
b.
about one half the diameter of Earth
c.
about one fourth the diameter of Earth
d.
about one eighth the diameter of Earth
 

75. 
From new moon phase to full moon phase you see
a.
an increasing amount of the lighted side of the moon.
b.
a decreasing amount of the lighted side of the moon.
c.
the same amount of the lighted side of the moon.
d.
more of the lighted side, then less of the lighted side of the moon.
 

76. 
Black holes form from stars that
a.
collapse extremely fast.
b.
lose all their gravitational attraction.
c.
were more than 40 times the mass of the sun.
d.
had first turned into white dwarfs.
 

77. 
The electromagnetic spectrum is
a.
all of the colors of light you can see with your eyes.
b.
all of the different types of electromagnetic waves.
c.
a band of colors formed when white light passes through a prism.
d.
the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next wave.
 

78. 
Earth’s rotation takes about
a.
365 days.
b.
6 months.
c.
24 hours.
d.
1 month.
 

79. 
When the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun, North America will experience
a.
more indirect rays and shorter days.
b.
more indirect rays and longer days.
c.
more direct rays and shorter days.
d.
more direct rays and longer days.
 

80. 
All stars begin their lives as parts of
a.
nebulas.
b.
protostars.
c.
pulsars.
d.
double stars.
 

81. 
Earth has seasons because
a.
Earth rotates on its axis.
b.
the distance between Earth and the sun changes.
c.
Earth’s axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.
d.
the temperature of the sun changes.
 

82. 
A range of colors formed when white light passes through a prism is called a
a.
lens.
b.
photograph.
c.
spectrum.
d.
ray.
 

83. 
Day and night are caused by
a.
the tilt of Earth’s axis.
b.
Earth’s revolution around the sun.
c.
eclipses.
d.
Earth’s rotation on its axis.
 

84. 
One major use of space stations is
a.
to launch trips to the moon.
b.
to obtain better photographs of Earth.
c.
to conduct scientific research.
d.
to monitor the activities of other satellites.
 

85. 
When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere, it produces a streak of light called a
a.
meteor.
b.
asteroid.
c.
meteorite.
d.
comet.
 

86. 
Instruments left on the moon to measure heat flow show that
a.
the center of the moon is molten.
b.
most of the moon’s interior is very hot.
c.
the moon’s interior has cooled almost completely.
d.
the moon has high seismic activity.
 

87. 
A star is born when
a.
a nebula expands.
b.
helium and oxygen combine.
c.
nuclear fusion starts.
d.
a protostar begins to cool.
 

88. 
Uranus is different from most other planets because it
a.
is the farthest from the sun.
b.
is mostly nitrogen and helium.
c.
rotates on its side.
d.
has the most moons.
 

89. 
Galileo saw that much of the moon’s surface is covered with round pits called
a.
highlands.
b.
seas.
c.
craters.
d.
maria.
 

90. 
The force that tends to pull together the matter in stars is
a.
gravity.
b.
nuclear fusion.
c.
expansion.
d.
nuclear fission.
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
Word Bank
Rotation
equinoxes
new moon
umbra
gravity
craters
seismometer
collision
outer earth
chromosphere
prominence
inertia
pluto
meterorite
eclipse
running water
orbits
extraterrestial life
visible
radio
parallax
supernova
eclipsing binary
sun
electromagnetic
black holes
spiral
nebula
nuclear fusion
 

91. 
The only outer planet with a solid surface is ____________________.
 

 

92. 
The lighted half of the moon faces away from Earth during the ____________________ phase.
 

 

93. 
When a large ____________________ strikes Earth, it can create a crater.
 

 

94. 
The times that day and night are of equal length are called ____________________.
 

 

95. 
A(n) ____________________ galaxy has a characteristic pinwheel shape.
 

 

96. 
The type of light humans can see is ____________________ light.
 

 

97. 
If life were found on other worlds, it would be called ____________________.
 

 

98. 
According to the ____________________ theory, the moon was formed when a Mars-sized object collided with Earth.
 

 

99. 
Tides are caused by the force of ____________________ from the sun and moon acting on Earth’s waters.
 

 

100. 
The first object to form in our solar system when a nebula collapsed was the ____________________.
 

 

101. 
The middle layer of the sun’s atmosphere is the ____________________.
 

 

102. 
The sun and moon seem to move mainly because of the ____________________ of Earth on its axis.
 

 

103. 
Regions on the surface of Mars have patterns that appear to have been made by ____________________.
 

 

104. 
Few comets pass near Earth because their ____________________ are so elliptical.
 

 

105. 
A dying giant star can suddenly explode, becoming a(n) ____________________.
 

 

106. 
A protostar becomes a star when energy is released by the process of ____________________.
 

 

107. 
The moon’s average density is about the same as the density of Earth’s ____________________ layers.
 

 

108. 
A device that detects radio waves from objects in space is called a(n) ____________________ telescope.
 

 

109. 
Most ancient astronomers thought that all celestial objects revolved around ____________________.
 

 

110. 
Telescopes work by detecting forms of ____________________ radiation.
 

 

111. 
The darkest part of the moon’s shadow is called the ____________________.
 

 

112. 
All stars begin as part of a large amount of gas and dust called a(n) ____________________.
 

 

113. 
The device astronauts used to study extremely weak moonquakes was a ____________________.
 

 

114. 
The apparent change in position of an object when viewed from two different places is called ____________________.
 

 

115. 
A loop of gas that links different parts of sunspot regions is a ____________________.
 

 

116. 
The most massive stars collapse to form ____________________ when they die.
 

 

117. 
Kepler discovered that Mars’ orbit is a(n) ____________________.
 

 

118. 
The round pits on the moon are called ____________________.
 

 

119. 
Astronomers can detect a binary star system called a(n) ____________________ when one star dims and brightens.
 

 

120. 
The tendency for an object in motion to remain in motion is called ____________________.
 

 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

Word Bank for True False
Rotation
Spring
Opposite
Shuttles
the same as
gaseous
ice
outer
small
fewer
expanding
light-years
white
two
spiral
 

121. 
The phases of the moon depend on how much of the lighted side of the moon can be seen from Earth.

 

122. 
Chunks of ice and dust that usually have long elliptical orbits are called comets.

 

123. 
Earth is at the center of the solar system in the geocentric model.

 

124. 
Day and night are caused by Earth’s revolution on its axis.

 

125. 
Stars with less mass will last longer than stars with more mass.

 

126. 
Maria are low areas, once flooded with lava, on the moon’s surface.

 

127. 
The inner planets are large and have rocky surfaces.

 

128. 
Pluto has more moons than any other outer planet.

 

129. 
A tide with the greatest distance between low and high tides is called a neap tide.

 

130. 
Radio waves are shorter than waves of visible light.

 

131. 
The beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere is marked by the vernal equinox.

 

132. 
The solar system was formed after the Milky Way galaxy was formed.

 

133. 
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and Earth.

 

134. 
The moon’s average density is greater than the density of Earth’s outer layers.

 

135. 
The four inner planets are gas giants.

 

136. 
Europa’s surface is made of liquid water.

 

137. 
Scientists learned much about the moon by studying rocks brought back by astronauts.

 

138. 
A star that has no fuel but glows faintly is a black dwarf.

 

139. 
A comet or asteroid can break up to form a chunk of rock called a meteoroid.

 

140. 
Sunspots are areas on the sun that are cooler than the gases surrounding them.

 

141. 
The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is its apparent magnitude.

 

142. 
Most galaxies are moving away from each other, which means the universe is contracting.

 

143. 
The sun is part of an elliptical galaxy.

 

144. 
The surfaces of the largest planets are solid.

 

145. 
A reflecting telescope uses a mirror to focus light onto a small area.

 

146. 
Astronauts and equipment are launched into space mainly by space stations.

 

147. 
Astronomers measure distances to stars in units called kilometers.

 

148. 
A star system has at least three stars.

 

149. 
Gases expelled from the rear of a rocket push the rocket in the same direction as the gases.

 

150. 
The part of the sun that can be seen in a photograph is the photosphere.

 



 
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